The voltage regulator has two inputs, namely the field current supply and the control voltage input, and 1 output, the field current to the rotor. If the battery voltage drops, the alternator voltage regulator allows more of the field current input to reach the rotor. This increases magnetic field strength, which then increases the voltage output of the alternator. Alternatively, if the battery voltage goes up, the output voltage is reduced.
The regulator forces the alternator to maintain a voltage between 13.5 and 30.5 volt. This protects the electrical circuits and recharges the battery safely.
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