This news article was originally written in Spanish. It has been automatically translated for your convenience. Reasonable efforts have been made to provide an accurate translation, however, no automated translation is perfect nor is it intended to replace a human translator. The original article in Spanish can be viewed at Preparación de bordes para soldadura en calderería de pequeñas y grandes dimensiones
From 6 mm, it is important to prepare the edge to be welded, but above this thickness, preparation becomes vital
Since the beginning of the use of welding in the manufacture of metal structures and components, the need to prepare the edges and finishes that are going to be welded, has always been a process necessary and very important to obtain optimum results of operation of the soldered Union.
Systems of welding nowadays allow edges preparations are more simple, and even in small thickness (less than 6 mm) it may not be necessary to make any type of preparation.
In general, from 6 mm, it is important to prepare the edge to be welded, but above this thickness, preparation becomes vital.
Bezel in K and X bezel.
There are various regulations governing the types of bevel angles, heels or straight parts, or number of sides of the bezel.
To briefly summarize the most common types of bevel, cite the following 4 types:
1.-Bevel to fund. This type of bezel has a single surface and goes with the same inclination from the top surface of the plate to the bottom in a single pass, also referred to as type 'V'.
The angles most frequent in this type of bevel tend to be between 20 and 50 °, normally. It is usually often used for welding in medium small thicknesses sheets, and the sectors that employ most include shipbuilding, pipeline and rail components manufacturers. It is almost mandatory to use this type of bezel when just may be the piece on the one hand. To this day, carrying out this type of bevels is usually done with chip startup or thermal cutting systems.
Thermal cut and Tecoi triple flame cutting systems.
Being small thicknesses, triple flame cutting and plasma systems provide too much heat to the surface and alter the composition and stability of the material, with the resulting problems in the subsequent welding.
Therefore, for this type of bevel and thicknesses up to 12 mm the best systems in the productivity, speed, accuracy and results of welding are laser of 5-axis machines.
With the laser, the heat-affected zone is almost negligible and the final results of the welding is very correct.
Chip in these cases boot systems are complex tools and fixation of the pieces to biselar, given that we are talking about small thicknesses. In addition to machines for machining by boot, we need a process and a manipulation of the piece.
2.-Bevel and heel. This type is commonly called type 'And'. It is used in fine and medium thickness plates, up to 18 mm normally. Most common sectors employing it are the wind, naval and construction of machinery.
For these thicknesses and this type of preparation, the most commonly used systems are currently heads of plasma 5-axis, which have replaced the spinning classics which needed large loops at the corners of the pieces with the consequent loss of material.
5-Axis systems are faster, accurate and more productive.
From 15 mm thickness was becoming the use of specific bevelling machines by machining with tools of type "Diabolo" with the desired geometry, as for example the TRF model of Tecoi.
Head of machining machine Tecoi TRF.
This is the best system to ensure the final results of the welding in terms of accuracy and finish from the edge. The triple flame cutting is a system that increasingly is used less for the inconvenience before cited as aggressive thermal input in this range of thicknesses.
3.-Double bevel or type 'V'. This type is very used in wind construction and machinery mainly. The thicknesses in this type ranging from 15 to 35 mm.
This type of preparation is beginning to be the most suitable for specific machines as the TRF of Tecoi on the basis of productivity and quality. Also this type of bevels are made with a single pass tool at speeds up to 850 mm per minute, with what are far behind triple by speed and quality, and plasma flame cutting technologies require two past and a medium accuracy.
TRF portico with dual-head of machining.
4.-Double bezel with heel or type 'K'. Used mostly in wind construction and major components of boiler.The most common thicknesses range from 25 to 120 mm.
The application of plasma bevel head in this segment of implementation is eliminated by the magnitude of the thickness required.
In these cases the companies that realize these bevels are betting mostly by systems of machining swarf boot on speed precision and because it removes any type of variable in the preparation of the edge for a good execution of the subsequent welding.
Especially in wind construction sector, where the quality of the weld is crucial, major manufacturers are replacing obsolete revolving triple oxyfuel systems for specific systems of machining.
In addition to this sector, the TRF machines of Tecoi incorporate two independent heads in axis and to make the bevel of the two long sides of the truncated ferrules simultaneously thanks to technology developed by Tecoi Inn. These machines can do complex bezels of up to 5 caras(biseles_de_transición) simultaneously, in a single pass and up to 110 mm thickness. These systems are a before and an after in the realization of this work, by eliminating many problems posed by the old systems in these such demanding applications.
As a summary, we can say that the main industries that require work on preparation of edges are betting on technologies that more performance and quality, provides this type of work and are away from their old systems of rotating plasma or oxy-cutting to incorporate into their production systems of five axes for plasma or specific machines of bevel for machining.
Tecoi Corte, S.L.
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